O resultado de muitas análises são objetos de classe list e você precisa entender o que isso significa.
Listas permitem organizar diferentes classes de objetos numa estrutura hierárquica organizada.
Uma mesma lista pode incluir elementos que são vetores de qualquer classe, matrizes, data.frames etc.
Listas são criadas pela função list().
A indexação de listas é dado pelo operador [[indice_ou_nome]] ou lista$ seguida do nome (se os elementos da lista tem nome; e.g. lista$nomeDeUmElementoDaLista).
?list # veja o help
# um vetor simplesv1 <-1:10class(v1)
## [1] "integer"
# outro vetor simplesv2 <- LETTERSclass(v2)
## [1] "character"
# uma matriz simplesmm <-matrix(1:9, nrow =3, ncol =3)class(mm)
## [1] "matrix" "array"
# um data.framedd <- irisdd
Sepal.Length
Sepal.Width
Petal.Length
Petal.Width
Species
5.1
3.5
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.0
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.7
3.2
1.3
0.2
setosa
4.6
3.1
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.6
1.4
0.2
setosa
5.4
3.9
1.7
0.4
setosa
4.6
3.4
1.4
0.3
setosa
5.0
3.4
1.5
0.2
setosa
4.4
2.9
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.1
1.5
0.1
setosa
5.4
3.7
1.5
0.2
setosa
4.8
3.4
1.6
0.2
setosa
4.8
3.0
1.4
0.1
setosa
4.3
3.0
1.1
0.1
setosa
5.8
4.0
1.2
0.2
setosa
5.7
4.4
1.5
0.4
setosa
5.4
3.9
1.3
0.4
setosa
5.1
3.5
1.4
0.3
setosa
5.7
3.8
1.7
0.3
setosa
5.1
3.8
1.5
0.3
setosa
5.4
3.4
1.7
0.2
setosa
5.1
3.7
1.5
0.4
setosa
4.6
3.6
1.0
0.2
setosa
5.1
3.3
1.7
0.5
setosa
4.8
3.4
1.9
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.0
1.6
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.4
1.6
0.4
setosa
5.2
3.5
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.2
3.4
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.7
3.2
1.6
0.2
setosa
4.8
3.1
1.6
0.2
setosa
5.4
3.4
1.5
0.4
setosa
5.2
4.1
1.5
0.1
setosa
5.5
4.2
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.1
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.2
1.2
0.2
setosa
5.5
3.5
1.3
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.6
1.4
0.1
setosa
4.4
3.0
1.3
0.2
setosa
5.1
3.4
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.5
1.3
0.3
setosa
4.5
2.3
1.3
0.3
setosa
4.4
3.2
1.3
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.5
1.6
0.6
setosa
5.1
3.8
1.9
0.4
setosa
4.8
3.0
1.4
0.3
setosa
5.1
3.8
1.6
0.2
setosa
4.6
3.2
1.4
0.2
setosa
5.3
3.7
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.3
1.4
0.2
setosa
7.0
3.2
4.7
1.4
versicolor
6.4
3.2
4.5
1.5
versicolor
6.9
3.1
4.9
1.5
versicolor
5.5
2.3
4.0
1.3
versicolor
6.5
2.8
4.6
1.5
versicolor
5.7
2.8
4.5
1.3
versicolor
6.3
3.3
4.7
1.6
versicolor
4.9
2.4
3.3
1.0
versicolor
6.6
2.9
4.6
1.3
versicolor
5.2
2.7
3.9
1.4
versicolor
5.0
2.0
3.5
1.0
versicolor
5.9
3.0
4.2
1.5
versicolor
6.0
2.2
4.0
1.0
versicolor
6.1
2.9
4.7
1.4
versicolor
5.6
2.9
3.6
1.3
versicolor
6.7
3.1
4.4
1.4
versicolor
5.6
3.0
4.5
1.5
versicolor
5.8
2.7
4.1
1.0
versicolor
6.2
2.2
4.5
1.5
versicolor
5.6
2.5
3.9
1.1
versicolor
5.9
3.2
4.8
1.8
versicolor
6.1
2.8
4.0
1.3
versicolor
6.3
2.5
4.9
1.5
versicolor
6.1
2.8
4.7
1.2
versicolor
6.4
2.9
4.3
1.3
versicolor
6.6
3.0
4.4
1.4
versicolor
6.8
2.8
4.8
1.4
versicolor
6.7
3.0
5.0
1.7
versicolor
6.0
2.9
4.5
1.5
versicolor
5.7
2.6
3.5
1.0
versicolor
5.5
2.4
3.8
1.1
versicolor
5.5
2.4
3.7
1.0
versicolor
5.8
2.7
3.9
1.2
versicolor
6.0
2.7
5.1
1.6
versicolor
5.4
3.0
4.5
1.5
versicolor
6.0
3.4
4.5
1.6
versicolor
6.7
3.1
4.7
1.5
versicolor
6.3
2.3
4.4
1.3
versicolor
5.6
3.0
4.1
1.3
versicolor
5.5
2.5
4.0
1.3
versicolor
5.5
2.6
4.4
1.2
versicolor
6.1
3.0
4.6
1.4
versicolor
5.8
2.6
4.0
1.2
versicolor
5.0
2.3
3.3
1.0
versicolor
5.6
2.7
4.2
1.3
versicolor
5.7
3.0
4.2
1.2
versicolor
5.7
2.9
4.2
1.3
versicolor
6.2
2.9
4.3
1.3
versicolor
5.1
2.5
3.0
1.1
versicolor
5.7
2.8
4.1
1.3
versicolor
6.3
3.3
6.0
2.5
virginica
5.8
2.7
5.1
1.9
virginica
7.1
3.0
5.9
2.1
virginica
6.3
2.9
5.6
1.8
virginica
6.5
3.0
5.8
2.2
virginica
7.6
3.0
6.6
2.1
virginica
4.9
2.5
4.5
1.7
virginica
7.3
2.9
6.3
1.8
virginica
6.7
2.5
5.8
1.8
virginica
7.2
3.6
6.1
2.5
virginica
6.5
3.2
5.1
2.0
virginica
6.4
2.7
5.3
1.9
virginica
6.8
3.0
5.5
2.1
virginica
5.7
2.5
5.0
2.0
virginica
5.8
2.8
5.1
2.4
virginica
6.4
3.2
5.3
2.3
virginica
6.5
3.0
5.5
1.8
virginica
7.7
3.8
6.7
2.2
virginica
7.7
2.6
6.9
2.3
virginica
6.0
2.2
5.0
1.5
virginica
6.9
3.2
5.7
2.3
virginica
5.6
2.8
4.9
2.0
virginica
7.7
2.8
6.7
2.0
virginica
6.3
2.7
4.9
1.8
virginica
6.7
3.3
5.7
2.1
virginica
7.2
3.2
6.0
1.8
virginica
6.2
2.8
4.8
1.8
virginica
6.1
3.0
4.9
1.8
virginica
6.4
2.8
5.6
2.1
virginica
7.2
3.0
5.8
1.6
virginica
7.4
2.8
6.1
1.9
virginica
7.9
3.8
6.4
2.0
virginica
6.4
2.8
5.6
2.2
virginica
6.3
2.8
5.1
1.5
virginica
6.1
2.6
5.6
1.4
virginica
7.7
3.0
6.1
2.3
virginica
6.3
3.4
5.6
2.4
virginica
6.4
3.1
5.5
1.8
virginica
6.0
3.0
4.8
1.8
virginica
6.9
3.1
5.4
2.1
virginica
6.7
3.1
5.6
2.4
virginica
6.9
3.1
5.1
2.3
virginica
5.8
2.7
5.1
1.9
virginica
6.8
3.2
5.9
2.3
virginica
6.7
3.3
5.7
2.5
virginica
6.7
3.0
5.2
2.3
virginica
6.3
2.5
5.0
1.9
virginica
6.5
3.0
5.2
2.0
virginica
6.2
3.4
5.4
2.3
virginica
5.9
3.0
5.1
1.8
virginica
class(dd)
## [1] "data.frame"
# criamos uma lista simplesv1
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
v2
## [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S"
## [20] "T" "U" "V" "W" "X" "Y" "Z"
mm
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
dd
Sepal.Length
Sepal.Width
Petal.Length
Petal.Width
Species
5.1
3.5
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.0
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.7
3.2
1.3
0.2
setosa
4.6
3.1
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.6
1.4
0.2
setosa
5.4
3.9
1.7
0.4
setosa
4.6
3.4
1.4
0.3
setosa
5.0
3.4
1.5
0.2
setosa
4.4
2.9
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.1
1.5
0.1
setosa
5.4
3.7
1.5
0.2
setosa
4.8
3.4
1.6
0.2
setosa
4.8
3.0
1.4
0.1
setosa
4.3
3.0
1.1
0.1
setosa
5.8
4.0
1.2
0.2
setosa
5.7
4.4
1.5
0.4
setosa
5.4
3.9
1.3
0.4
setosa
5.1
3.5
1.4
0.3
setosa
5.7
3.8
1.7
0.3
setosa
5.1
3.8
1.5
0.3
setosa
5.4
3.4
1.7
0.2
setosa
5.1
3.7
1.5
0.4
setosa
4.6
3.6
1.0
0.2
setosa
5.1
3.3
1.7
0.5
setosa
4.8
3.4
1.9
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.0
1.6
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.4
1.6
0.4
setosa
5.2
3.5
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.2
3.4
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.7
3.2
1.6
0.2
setosa
4.8
3.1
1.6
0.2
setosa
5.4
3.4
1.5
0.4
setosa
5.2
4.1
1.5
0.1
setosa
5.5
4.2
1.4
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.1
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.2
1.2
0.2
setosa
5.5
3.5
1.3
0.2
setosa
4.9
3.6
1.4
0.1
setosa
4.4
3.0
1.3
0.2
setosa
5.1
3.4
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.5
1.3
0.3
setosa
4.5
2.3
1.3
0.3
setosa
4.4
3.2
1.3
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.5
1.6
0.6
setosa
5.1
3.8
1.9
0.4
setosa
4.8
3.0
1.4
0.3
setosa
5.1
3.8
1.6
0.2
setosa
4.6
3.2
1.4
0.2
setosa
5.3
3.7
1.5
0.2
setosa
5.0
3.3
1.4
0.2
setosa
7.0
3.2
4.7
1.4
versicolor
6.4
3.2
4.5
1.5
versicolor
6.9
3.1
4.9
1.5
versicolor
5.5
2.3
4.0
1.3
versicolor
6.5
2.8
4.6
1.5
versicolor
5.7
2.8
4.5
1.3
versicolor
6.3
3.3
4.7
1.6
versicolor
4.9
2.4
3.3
1.0
versicolor
6.6
2.9
4.6
1.3
versicolor
5.2
2.7
3.9
1.4
versicolor
5.0
2.0
3.5
1.0
versicolor
5.9
3.0
4.2
1.5
versicolor
6.0
2.2
4.0
1.0
versicolor
6.1
2.9
4.7
1.4
versicolor
5.6
2.9
3.6
1.3
versicolor
6.7
3.1
4.4
1.4
versicolor
5.6
3.0
4.5
1.5
versicolor
5.8
2.7
4.1
1.0
versicolor
6.2
2.2
4.5
1.5
versicolor
5.6
2.5
3.9
1.1
versicolor
5.9
3.2
4.8
1.8
versicolor
6.1
2.8
4.0
1.3
versicolor
6.3
2.5
4.9
1.5
versicolor
6.1
2.8
4.7
1.2
versicolor
6.4
2.9
4.3
1.3
versicolor
6.6
3.0
4.4
1.4
versicolor
6.8
2.8
4.8
1.4
versicolor
6.7
3.0
5.0
1.7
versicolor
6.0
2.9
4.5
1.5
versicolor
5.7
2.6
3.5
1.0
versicolor
5.5
2.4
3.8
1.1
versicolor
5.5
2.4
3.7
1.0
versicolor
5.8
2.7
3.9
1.2
versicolor
6.0
2.7
5.1
1.6
versicolor
5.4
3.0
4.5
1.5
versicolor
6.0
3.4
4.5
1.6
versicolor
6.7
3.1
4.7
1.5
versicolor
6.3
2.3
4.4
1.3
versicolor
5.6
3.0
4.1
1.3
versicolor
5.5
2.5
4.0
1.3
versicolor
5.5
2.6
4.4
1.2
versicolor
6.1
3.0
4.6
1.4
versicolor
5.8
2.6
4.0
1.2
versicolor
5.0
2.3
3.3
1.0
versicolor
5.6
2.7
4.2
1.3
versicolor
5.7
3.0
4.2
1.2
versicolor
5.7
2.9
4.2
1.3
versicolor
6.2
2.9
4.3
1.3
versicolor
5.1
2.5
3.0
1.1
versicolor
5.7
2.8
4.1
1.3
versicolor
6.3
3.3
6.0
2.5
virginica
5.8
2.7
5.1
1.9
virginica
7.1
3.0
5.9
2.1
virginica
6.3
2.9
5.6
1.8
virginica
6.5
3.0
5.8
2.2
virginica
7.6
3.0
6.6
2.1
virginica
4.9
2.5
4.5
1.7
virginica
7.3
2.9
6.3
1.8
virginica
6.7
2.5
5.8
1.8
virginica
7.2
3.6
6.1
2.5
virginica
6.5
3.2
5.1
2.0
virginica
6.4
2.7
5.3
1.9
virginica
6.8
3.0
5.5
2.1
virginica
5.7
2.5
5.0
2.0
virginica
5.8
2.8
5.1
2.4
virginica
6.4
3.2
5.3
2.3
virginica
6.5
3.0
5.5
1.8
virginica
7.7
3.8
6.7
2.2
virginica
7.7
2.6
6.9
2.3
virginica
6.0
2.2
5.0
1.5
virginica
6.9
3.2
5.7
2.3
virginica
5.6
2.8
4.9
2.0
virginica
7.7
2.8
6.7
2.0
virginica
6.3
2.7
4.9
1.8
virginica
6.7
3.3
5.7
2.1
virginica
7.2
3.2
6.0
1.8
virginica
6.2
2.8
4.8
1.8
virginica
6.1
3.0
4.9
1.8
virginica
6.4
2.8
5.6
2.1
virginica
7.2
3.0
5.8
1.6
virginica
7.4
2.8
6.1
1.9
virginica
7.9
3.8
6.4
2.0
virginica
6.4
2.8
5.6
2.2
virginica
6.3
2.8
5.1
1.5
virginica
6.1
2.6
5.6
1.4
virginica
7.7
3.0
6.1
2.3
virginica
6.3
3.4
5.6
2.4
virginica
6.4
3.1
5.5
1.8
virginica
6.0
3.0
4.8
1.8
virginica
6.9
3.1
5.4
2.1
virginica
6.7
3.1
5.6
2.4
virginica
6.9
3.1
5.1
2.3
virginica
5.8
2.7
5.1
1.9
virginica
6.8
3.2
5.9
2.3
virginica
6.7
3.3
5.7
2.5
virginica
6.7
3.0
5.2
2.3
virginica
6.3
2.5
5.0
1.9
virginica
6.5
3.0
5.2
2.0
virginica
6.2
3.4
5.4
2.3
virginica
5.9
3.0
5.1
1.8
virginica
ml <-list(v1, v2, mm, dd)class(ml) # deve ser lista
# uma lista pode conter listasmll <-list(list(v1, v2), mm, dd) # o primeiro elemento virou uma lista com dois vetoresclass(mll[[1]]) # é uma lista agora
## [1] "list"
mll[[1]][[1]] # a sublista 1 do elemento 1 da lista
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mll[[1]][[2]] # a sublista 2 do elemento 1 da lista
## [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S"
## [20] "T" "U" "V" "W" "X" "Y" "Z"
# criamos uma lista com nomesml <-list(VETOR1 = v1, MATRIZ = mm, TABELA = dd)class(ml)