Listas
O resultado de muitas análises são objetos de classe list e você precisa entender o que isso significa.
Listas permitem organizar diferentes classes de objetos numa estrutura hierárquica organizada.
Uma mesma lista pode incluir elementos que são vetores de qualquer classe, matrizes, data.frames etc.
Listas são criadas pela função list().
A indexação de listas é dado pelo operador [[indice_ou_nome]] ou lista$ seguida do nome (se os elementos da lista tem nome; e.g. lista$nomeDeUmElementoDaLista).
# um vetor simples
v1 <- 1:10
class(v1)
## [1] "integer"
# outro vetor simples
v2 <- LETTERS
class(v2)
## [1] "character"
# uma matriz simples
mm <- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
class(mm)
## [1] "matrix" "array"
# um data.frame
dd <- iris
dd
|
Sepal.Length
|
Sepal.Width
|
Petal.Length
|
Petal.Width
|
Species
|
|
5.1
|
3.5
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.7
|
3.2
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.6
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.9
|
1.7
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.4
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
2.9
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.4
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
4.3
|
3.0
|
1.1
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.8
|
4.0
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.7
|
4.4
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.9
|
1.3
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.5
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.7
|
3.8
|
1.7
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.5
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.4
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.6
|
1.0
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.3
|
1.7
|
0.5
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.4
|
1.9
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.0
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.4
|
1.6
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
3.5
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
3.4
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.7
|
3.2
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.1
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
4.1
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.5
|
4.2
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.2
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.5
|
3.5
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.6
|
1.4
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
3.0
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.5
|
1.3
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
4.5
|
2.3
|
1.3
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
3.2
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.5
|
1.6
|
0.6
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.9
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.2
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.3
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.3
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
7.0
|
3.2
|
4.7
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.4
|
3.2
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
4.9
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.3
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.5
|
2.8
|
4.6
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.8
|
4.5
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
3.3
|
4.7
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
4.9
|
2.4
|
3.3
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.6
|
2.9
|
4.6
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.2
|
2.7
|
3.9
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.0
|
2.0
|
3.5
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.9
|
3.0
|
4.2
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.2
|
4.0
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.9
|
4.7
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.9
|
3.6
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
4.4
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
3.0
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
4.1
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.2
|
2.2
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.5
|
3.9
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.9
|
3.2
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.8
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
2.5
|
4.9
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.8
|
4.7
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.4
|
2.9
|
4.3
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.6
|
3.0
|
4.4
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.8
|
2.8
|
4.8
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.0
|
5.0
|
1.7
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.9
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.6
|
3.5
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.4
|
3.8
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.4
|
3.7
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
3.9
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
5.4
|
3.0
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
3.4
|
4.5
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
4.7
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
2.3
|
4.4
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
3.0
|
4.1
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.5
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.6
|
4.4
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
3.0
|
4.6
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.6
|
4.0
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
5.0
|
2.3
|
3.3
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.7
|
4.2
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
3.0
|
4.2
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.9
|
4.2
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.2
|
2.9
|
4.3
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.1
|
2.5
|
3.0
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.8
|
4.1
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
3.3
|
6.0
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
7.1
|
3.0
|
5.9
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.9
|
5.6
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.8
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
7.6
|
3.0
|
6.6
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
4.9
|
2.5
|
4.5
|
1.7
|
virginica
|
|
7.3
|
2.9
|
6.3
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
2.5
|
5.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.6
|
6.1
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.2
|
5.1
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.7
|
5.3
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.8
|
3.0
|
5.5
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
5.7
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.8
|
5.1
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
3.2
|
5.3
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.5
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
3.8
|
6.7
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
2.6
|
6.9
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.0
|
2.2
|
5.0
|
1.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.2
|
5.7
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.6
|
2.8
|
4.9
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
2.8
|
6.7
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.7
|
4.9
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.3
|
5.7
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.2
|
6.0
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.2
|
2.8
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.1
|
3.0
|
4.9
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.8
|
5.6
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.0
|
5.8
|
1.6
|
virginica
|
|
7.4
|
2.8
|
6.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
7.9
|
3.8
|
6.4
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.8
|
5.6
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.8
|
5.1
|
1.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.1
|
2.6
|
5.6
|
1.4
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
3.0
|
6.1
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
3.4
|
5.6
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
3.1
|
5.5
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.0
|
3.0
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
5.4
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
5.6
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
5.1
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.8
|
3.2
|
5.9
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.3
|
5.7
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.0
|
5.2
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.2
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.2
|
3.4
|
5.4
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.9
|
3.0
|
5.1
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
## [1] "data.frame"
# criamos uma lista simples
v1
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
## [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S"
## [20] "T" "U" "V" "W" "X" "Y" "Z"
|
Sepal.Length
|
Sepal.Width
|
Petal.Length
|
Petal.Width
|
Species
|
|
5.1
|
3.5
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.7
|
3.2
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.6
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.9
|
1.7
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.4
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
2.9
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.4
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
4.3
|
3.0
|
1.1
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.8
|
4.0
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.7
|
4.4
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.9
|
1.3
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.5
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.7
|
3.8
|
1.7
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.5
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.4
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.6
|
1.0
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.3
|
1.7
|
0.5
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.4
|
1.9
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.0
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.4
|
1.6
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
3.5
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
3.4
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.7
|
3.2
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.1
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
4.1
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.5
|
4.2
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.2
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.5
|
3.5
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.6
|
1.4
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
3.0
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.5
|
1.3
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
4.5
|
2.3
|
1.3
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
3.2
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.5
|
1.6
|
0.6
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.9
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.2
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.3
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.3
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
7.0
|
3.2
|
4.7
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.4
|
3.2
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
4.9
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.3
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.5
|
2.8
|
4.6
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.8
|
4.5
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
3.3
|
4.7
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
4.9
|
2.4
|
3.3
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.6
|
2.9
|
4.6
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.2
|
2.7
|
3.9
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.0
|
2.0
|
3.5
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.9
|
3.0
|
4.2
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.2
|
4.0
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.9
|
4.7
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.9
|
3.6
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
4.4
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
3.0
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
4.1
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.2
|
2.2
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.5
|
3.9
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.9
|
3.2
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.8
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
2.5
|
4.9
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.8
|
4.7
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.4
|
2.9
|
4.3
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.6
|
3.0
|
4.4
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.8
|
2.8
|
4.8
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.0
|
5.0
|
1.7
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.9
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.6
|
3.5
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.4
|
3.8
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.4
|
3.7
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
3.9
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
5.4
|
3.0
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
3.4
|
4.5
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
4.7
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
2.3
|
4.4
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
3.0
|
4.1
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.5
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.6
|
4.4
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
3.0
|
4.6
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.6
|
4.0
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
5.0
|
2.3
|
3.3
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.7
|
4.2
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
3.0
|
4.2
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.9
|
4.2
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.2
|
2.9
|
4.3
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.1
|
2.5
|
3.0
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.8
|
4.1
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
3.3
|
6.0
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
7.1
|
3.0
|
5.9
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.9
|
5.6
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.8
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
7.6
|
3.0
|
6.6
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
4.9
|
2.5
|
4.5
|
1.7
|
virginica
|
|
7.3
|
2.9
|
6.3
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
2.5
|
5.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.6
|
6.1
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.2
|
5.1
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.7
|
5.3
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.8
|
3.0
|
5.5
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
5.7
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.8
|
5.1
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
3.2
|
5.3
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.5
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
3.8
|
6.7
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
2.6
|
6.9
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.0
|
2.2
|
5.0
|
1.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.2
|
5.7
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.6
|
2.8
|
4.9
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
2.8
|
6.7
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.7
|
4.9
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.3
|
5.7
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.2
|
6.0
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.2
|
2.8
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.1
|
3.0
|
4.9
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.8
|
5.6
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.0
|
5.8
|
1.6
|
virginica
|
|
7.4
|
2.8
|
6.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
7.9
|
3.8
|
6.4
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.8
|
5.6
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.8
|
5.1
|
1.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.1
|
2.6
|
5.6
|
1.4
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
3.0
|
6.1
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
3.4
|
5.6
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
3.1
|
5.5
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.0
|
3.0
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
5.4
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
5.6
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
5.1
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.8
|
3.2
|
5.9
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.3
|
5.7
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.0
|
5.2
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.2
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.2
|
3.4
|
5.4
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.9
|
3.0
|
5.1
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
ml <- list(v1, v2, mm, dd)
class(ml) # deve ser lista
## [1] "list"
length(ml) # número de elementos
## [1] 4
names(ml) # os elementos dessa lista não tem nome
## NULL
str(ml) # veja a estrutura do objeto
## List of 4
## $ : int [1:10] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
## $ : chr [1:26] "A" "B" "C" "D" ...
## $ : int [1:3, 1:3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## $ :'data.frame': 150 obs. of 5 variables:
## ..$ Sepal.Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
## ..$ Sepal.Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
## ..$ Petal.Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
## ..$ Petal.Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
## ..$ Species : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
ml[[1]] # o elemento 1 é o vetor
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ml[[2]] # o segundo também
## [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S"
## [20] "T" "U" "V" "W" "X" "Y" "Z"
ml[[1:2]] # note que retorna apenas o segundo... nao funciona como vetor para pegar mais de um elemento, pois a estrutura é complexa
## [1] 2
ml[[1]][3] # terceiro elemento do vetor que está no elemento 1 da lista
## [1] 3
ml[[3]][1, 3] # valor da primeira linha e da terceira coluna da matrix que o objeto 2 da lista
## [1] 7
ml[[4]] # é uma data.frame
|
Sepal.Length
|
Sepal.Width
|
Petal.Length
|
Petal.Width
|
Species
|
|
5.1
|
3.5
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.7
|
3.2
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.6
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.9
|
1.7
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.4
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
2.9
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.4
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
4.3
|
3.0
|
1.1
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.8
|
4.0
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.7
|
4.4
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.9
|
1.3
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.5
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.7
|
3.8
|
1.7
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.5
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.4
|
1.7
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.6
|
1.0
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.3
|
1.7
|
0.5
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.4
|
1.9
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.0
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.4
|
1.6
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
3.5
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
3.4
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.7
|
3.2
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.1
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.4
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
5.2
|
4.1
|
1.5
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
5.5
|
4.2
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.1
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.2
|
1.2
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.5
|
3.5
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.9
|
3.6
|
1.4
|
0.1
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
3.0
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.4
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.5
|
1.3
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
4.5
|
2.3
|
1.3
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
4.4
|
3.2
|
1.3
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.5
|
1.6
|
0.6
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.9
|
0.4
|
setosa
|
|
4.8
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
0.3
|
setosa
|
|
5.1
|
3.8
|
1.6
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
4.6
|
3.2
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.3
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
5.0
|
3.3
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
setosa
|
|
7.0
|
3.2
|
4.7
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.4
|
3.2
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
4.9
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.3
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.5
|
2.8
|
4.6
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.8
|
4.5
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
3.3
|
4.7
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
4.9
|
2.4
|
3.3
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.6
|
2.9
|
4.6
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.2
|
2.7
|
3.9
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.0
|
2.0
|
3.5
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.9
|
3.0
|
4.2
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.2
|
4.0
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.9
|
4.7
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.9
|
3.6
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
4.4
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
3.0
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
4.1
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
6.2
|
2.2
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.5
|
3.9
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.9
|
3.2
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.8
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
2.5
|
4.9
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
2.8
|
4.7
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.4
|
2.9
|
4.3
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.6
|
3.0
|
4.4
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.8
|
2.8
|
4.8
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.0
|
5.0
|
1.7
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.9
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.6
|
3.5
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.4
|
3.8
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.4
|
3.7
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
3.9
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
5.4
|
3.0
|
4.5
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.0
|
3.4
|
4.5
|
1.6
|
versicolor
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
4.7
|
1.5
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
2.3
|
4.4
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
3.0
|
4.1
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.5
|
4.0
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.5
|
2.6
|
4.4
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
6.1
|
3.0
|
4.6
|
1.4
|
versicolor
|
|
5.8
|
2.6
|
4.0
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
5.0
|
2.3
|
3.3
|
1.0
|
versicolor
|
|
5.6
|
2.7
|
4.2
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
3.0
|
4.2
|
1.2
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.9
|
4.2
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.2
|
2.9
|
4.3
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
5.1
|
2.5
|
3.0
|
1.1
|
versicolor
|
|
5.7
|
2.8
|
4.1
|
1.3
|
versicolor
|
|
6.3
|
3.3
|
6.0
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
7.1
|
3.0
|
5.9
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.9
|
5.6
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.8
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
7.6
|
3.0
|
6.6
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
4.9
|
2.5
|
4.5
|
1.7
|
virginica
|
|
7.3
|
2.9
|
6.3
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
2.5
|
5.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.6
|
6.1
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.2
|
5.1
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.7
|
5.3
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.8
|
3.0
|
5.5
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
5.7
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.8
|
5.1
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
3.2
|
5.3
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.5
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
3.8
|
6.7
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
2.6
|
6.9
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.0
|
2.2
|
5.0
|
1.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.2
|
5.7
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.6
|
2.8
|
4.9
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
2.8
|
6.7
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.7
|
4.9
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.3
|
5.7
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.2
|
6.0
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.2
|
2.8
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.1
|
3.0
|
4.9
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.8
|
5.6
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
7.2
|
3.0
|
5.8
|
1.6
|
virginica
|
|
7.4
|
2.8
|
6.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
7.9
|
3.8
|
6.4
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
2.8
|
5.6
|
2.2
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.8
|
5.1
|
1.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.1
|
2.6
|
5.6
|
1.4
|
virginica
|
|
7.7
|
3.0
|
6.1
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
3.4
|
5.6
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.4
|
3.1
|
5.5
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.0
|
3.0
|
4.8
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
5.4
|
2.1
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.1
|
5.6
|
2.4
|
virginica
|
|
6.9
|
3.1
|
5.1
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.8
|
2.7
|
5.1
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.8
|
3.2
|
5.9
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.3
|
5.7
|
2.5
|
virginica
|
|
6.7
|
3.0
|
5.2
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
6.3
|
2.5
|
5.0
|
1.9
|
virginica
|
|
6.5
|
3.0
|
5.2
|
2.0
|
virginica
|
|
6.2
|
3.4
|
5.4
|
2.3
|
virginica
|
|
5.9
|
3.0
|
5.1
|
1.8
|
virginica
|
ml[[4]][, 1] # a primeira coluna deste data.frame
## [1] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.1
## [19] 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.5 4.9 5.0
## [37] 5.5 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 7.0 6.4 6.9 5.5
## [55] 6.5 5.7 6.3 4.9 6.6 5.2 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.7 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.9 6.1
## [73] 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.6 5.5
## [91] 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.8 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.6 4.9 7.3
## [109] 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.9 5.6 7.7 6.3 6.7 7.2
## [127] 6.2 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.4 7.9 6.4 6.3 6.1 7.7 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 5.8 6.8
## [145] 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.9
ml[[4]]$Sepal.Length # mesma coisa
## [1] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.1
## [19] 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.5 4.9 5.0
## [37] 5.5 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 7.0 6.4 6.9 5.5
## [55] 6.5 5.7 6.3 4.9 6.6 5.2 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.7 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.9 6.1
## [73] 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.6 5.5
## [91] 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.8 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.6 4.9 7.3
## [109] 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.9 5.6 7.7 6.3 6.7 7.2
## [127] 6.2 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.4 7.9 6.4 6.3 6.1 7.7 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 5.8 6.8
## [145] 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.9
# uma lista pode conter listas
mll <- list(list(v1, v2), mm, dd) # o primeiro elemento virou uma lista com dois vetores
class(mll[[1]]) # é uma lista agora
## [1] "list"
mll[[1]][[1]] # a sublista 1 do elemento 1 da lista
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
mll[[1]][[2]] # a sublista 2 do elemento 1 da lista
## [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O" "P" "Q" "R" "S"
## [20] "T" "U" "V" "W" "X" "Y" "Z"
# criamos uma lista com nomes
ml <- list(VETOR1 = v1, MATRIZ = mm, TABELA = dd)
class(ml)
## [1] "list"
## List of 3
## $ VETOR1: int [1:10] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
## $ MATRIZ: int [1:3, 1:3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
## $ TABELA:'data.frame': 150 obs. of 5 variables:
## ..$ Sepal.Length: num [1:150] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5 5.4 4.6 5 4.4 4.9 ...
## ..$ Sepal.Width : num [1:150] 3.5 3 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 3.1 ...
## ..$ Petal.Length: num [1:150] 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 ...
## ..$ Petal.Width : num [1:150] 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 ...
## ..$ Species : Factor w/ 3 levels "setosa","versicolor",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
names(ml) # nome dos elementos
## [1] "VETOR1" "MATRIZ" "TABELA"
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ml$VETOR1 # ou assim, da mesma forma que uma coluna de um data.frame
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ml[["TABELA"]][, "Sepal.Length"] # coluna do data.frame em TABELA
## [1] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.1
## [19] 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.5 4.9 5.0
## [37] 5.5 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 7.0 6.4 6.9 5.5
## [55] 6.5 5.7 6.3 4.9 6.6 5.2 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.7 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.9 6.1
## [73] 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.6 5.5
## [91] 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.8 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.6 4.9 7.3
## [109] 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.9 5.6 7.7 6.3 6.7 7.2
## [127] 6.2 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.4 7.9 6.4 6.3 6.1 7.7 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 5.8 6.8
## [145] 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.9
ml[["TABELA"]]$Sepal.Length # idem
## [1] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.1
## [19] 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.5 4.9 5.0
## [37] 5.5 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 7.0 6.4 6.9 5.5
## [55] 6.5 5.7 6.3 4.9 6.6 5.2 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.7 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.9 6.1
## [73] 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.6 5.5
## [91] 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.8 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.6 4.9 7.3
## [109] 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.9 5.6 7.7 6.3 6.7 7.2
## [127] 6.2 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.4 7.9 6.4 6.3 6.1 7.7 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 5.8 6.8
## [145] 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.9
ml$TABELA$Sepal.Length # idem também
## [1] 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.4 4.9 5.4 4.8 4.8 4.3 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.1
## [19] 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.7 4.8 5.4 5.2 5.5 4.9 5.0
## [37] 5.5 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.1 4.8 5.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 7.0 6.4 6.9 5.5
## [55] 6.5 5.7 6.3 4.9 6.6 5.2 5.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.6 6.7 5.6 5.8 6.2 5.6 5.9 6.1
## [73] 6.3 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.8 6.0 5.4 6.0 6.7 6.3 5.6 5.5
## [91] 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.2 5.1 5.7 6.3 5.8 7.1 6.3 6.5 7.6 4.9 7.3
## [109] 6.7 7.2 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.7 5.8 6.4 6.5 7.7 7.7 6.0 6.9 5.6 7.7 6.3 6.7 7.2
## [127] 6.2 6.1 6.4 7.2 7.4 7.9 6.4 6.3 6.1 7.7 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.9 6.7 6.9 5.8 6.8
## [145] 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.5 6.2 5.9